The following cholera facts cover the history of the disease, as well as its cause, transmission, and treatment.
- Cholera is an acute, diarrheal illness caused by an infection with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, in the intestines.
- Since 1817, there have been seven worldwide cholera pandemics. In Asia, Africa, and Latin America, there is an ongoing pandemic that has spanned the last four decades.
- Because of advanced water and sanitation systems, cholera is not a major threat in the United States. However, everyone, especially travelers, should be aware of how cholera is transmitted and what can be done to prevent it.
- Cholera transmission typically occurs by drinking water or eating food that is contaminated with Vibrio cholerae.
- Although cholera can be serious, most infections with Vibrio cholerae are mild or do not result in cholera symptoms.
- Cholera symptoms can occur within 24 to 48 hours of being infected.
- If the doctor suspects cholera, he or she will ask for a stool sample in order to look for Vibrio cholerae bacteria.
- Without cholera treatment, serious infections can result in death within hours.
- Treatment for cholera typically includes antibiotics and fluid replacement. If treatment is started early, cholera symptoms and complications can be minimized.
- There is not a cholera vaccine recommended for the prevention of cholera in the United States.
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